Tuesday, October 4, 2011 Post By: Singapore Recruitment Agency

AGRICULTURAN AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF SUMBAL BLOCK OF BANDIPORA DISTRIC OF KASHMIR

STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PLAN USING

PARTICIPARTORY RURAL APPRAISAL

FOR

TEHSIL SUMBAL SONAWARI (BANDIPORA)

FROM

19th – 28th, JUNE 2008.

I. INTRODUCTION

Sumbal Sonawari is one of many Tehsil connected with district Bandipora erstwhile region Baramulla Kashmir. Sumbal is located 34013’ N and 74037’ E along with a typical altitude involving 5178 feet (1578.25 meter) over suggest marine level. The District Bandipora will be having 3 Tehsils viz. Bandiopa, Gurez and Sumbal Sonawari which has a total population of 306511 individuals comprising of 158754 males plus 147757 females. Out belonging to the total population of the region Bandipora the tehsil Sumbal Sonawari is obtaining population connected with 149013 folks comprising 76411 guys and also 72602 females. The center Bandipora includes 53 Panchyat halqas together with 200 communities released of which usually 12 Panchayat Halqas associated with 51 towns slide in Block Sumbal with tehsil Sonawari.

The Bandipora centre is definitely ornamented by simply Kupwara from the West, Baramulla with the particular South, Kargil, Srinagar plus Ganderbal inside East plus LoC from the North. The district offers acute frigid environment in winter months plus a relaxing weather condition throughout summer. Each component to the centre suffers from snowfall through winter. Road in order to Gurez remains closed in the course of wintertime credited for you to snowfall. Average annual rain fall inside District Bandipora may be noted as 589 mm along with roughly 82 boisterous days.

Tehsil Sumbal Sonwari centered at the actual South connected with Bandipora acquiring varied topography viz. plains, karewas, hillocks, and marshy lands, along with waters bodies. This method of topography commonly tends to make the place vulnerable that will innundate in addition to help drought conditions. The cultivable areas will be fertile mostly full of clay and silt. The water Jehlam plus Sindh spending from the location acts as major way to obtain irrigation. At almost all of the areas the water is removed by the penis pumps as well as sent out as a result of irrigation canals. The excessive clay-based content material makes soils quite free when wet and very hard as soon as dry.

The plantation women in addition to neighborhood youths have been typically discovered employed in manufacturing with handicrafts similar to carpet making, shawl making, embroidery etc. along with pretty much each one family members was having a carpet weaving unit.

The folks mostly owned by low profits sets and they are financially backward. The circumstances becomes further more aggravated because of small productivity, unemployment/ underemployment, loss of verbal exchanges in addition to simple amenities for instance education plus health. Majority from the people undergo coming from malnutrition in addition to under eating plan along with the worst type of make number is definitely youngsters and women. The possibility to help health danger is usually apprehended expected to poor sanitary conditions, risky standard water amenities etc.

To reduce low income from the spot Govt. Departments, Institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and allied organizations are generally being employed difficult to boost the generation plus productivity, yield employment and also enhance the residing conditions through their progammes and activities. It was in this connection, any particular one this sort of NGO namely Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS) acknowledged towards University by means of Directorate of Extension Education intended for creating SREP plus running involving want based trainings on agriculture and allied fields. The NGO provides recently been busy inside group of Self Help Groups (SHGs) one of many ladies people on the location for micro university features and also ultimately ladies empowerment.

Director Extension Education/ SMAETI, Prof. G.M. Wani appreciatandmediately constituted a new company involving experts/ each and every from this Directorate to place that plan systematically applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method coming from 19th June 2008 to 28th June 2008 within the already determined communities of your IGSSS. The completely work has been brought as well as conducted smoothly inside a objective manner solution in the particular cycle of occasion throughout the energetic coordination as well as contribution with this industry experts as well as NGO personnel.

II.METHODOLOGY

In arrangement in order to put together Strategic Research Extension Plan (SREP) for any location viz Sumbal Sonawari inside the desired time agenda PRA technique has been utilized to collect your results from that villagers. This incorporated making use of involving pre-tested job interview schedules, interaction meetings, transect-walks, participatory declaration methods, farm in addition to dwelling trips along with conversation etc. in a nicely prepared way from 19th June 2008 that will 28th June 2008 in the determined villages.

The crew deputed for that function made connected with scientists/ industry experts through Extension Education, Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant safeguards and Olericulture from the Directorate plus SKUAST-K divisions. The workforce seemed to be also assisted through State Coordinator in addition to Project Supervisors connected with IGSSS around introduction of self applied help groups and villagers at significant in addition to fine food for your team. The PRA appeared to be carried out from a systematic manner as a result of observation with using steps:

Preparation associated with meeting program in addition to its use

After pre-testing and also even more accomplishment of the schedule, the particular PRA was successfully conducted.

Rapport building

In order to acquire a short notion regarding the village resources, ecology, desires with harvesting area as well as opportunities etc. previous to make an agenda to get PRA, this team left for the place of work involving IGSSS at Inderkot whole village associated with Sumbal Sonawari. Immediately immediately after a good discussion conference by using that scientists, officials of IGSSS along with farmers belonging to the area especially girls personal assistance sets quite a few essential data has been gathered on this on top of aspects.

This relationships reaching seemed to be furthermore valuable inside determining the program of function while in the revealed villages for PRA. In each and every village, farmers/ farm ladies and youths obtained while in the fundamental destinations belonging to the villages in addition to were being consumed for you to self confidence through informal discussions.

The outcome belonging to the earliest connections meeting seemed to be such who's eased that romantic relationship building in the revealed communities through the actively playing with persons songs, idioms, proverbs as well as hopes etc. In the beginning ideas based on their particular regime is effective have been floated in addition to sold through that their particular ultimate discussions diverted these people towards farming and allied issues for even more improvement.

Identification involving Villages to get PRA

The towns determined because of the IGSSS were determined while representative parts to prepare SREP for that Sumbal tehsil and accordingly PRA appeared to be done with them. In this way, that towns to get PRA were Inderkot, Ganastan, Gund Ibrahim in addition to Tregam associated with Sumbal Sonawari tehsil. Since this tehsil is catagorized throughout temperate agro climatic zone and each of the selected villages have got almost uniform Agro Eco Situations (AES). The preferred villages exclusively are different on the extent with various problems and also facilities.

Transect Walks

Each selected whole village was stopped at down to plan and initial hand information about the topography, location, organic resources, demography, popping patterns, vegetation, animals along with allied socio-economic pursuits were being collected with the using job interview plan and hamlet transect walks. These walks were good simply by the particular villagers and they also liked to share their own information and also things while using scientists/ experts.

Mappings

At the end with each and every transect stroll in addition to relationship meeting within the preferred villages, this farmers were asked for for you to attract the particular learning resource map of their villages on illustrating sheets. This exercise has been highly creative and also enjoyable with the villagers together with with the different participants.

Wealth Ranking

Wealth rank had been carried out simply by special and indirect pondering on with the villagers/farmers within the time frame with major income/month/household without having damaging their own sentiments. In each town the farmers/villagers were classified as Low, Medium and High income class farmers. The farmers/ villagers ended up finally identified seeing that reference and resource rich. The number of resource poor villagers is definitely exceeding the actual learning resource containing more each one village.

Existing Farming Systems

To distinguish that grinding systems within every village numerous enterprises viz. increasing regarding crops, fruits, vegetables, showing of cattle, sheep, goat, poultry, sericulture along with farming activities coupled with their contribution getting followed were looked through plus identified . These devices a bit fluctuate based on target amount agro-eco situations.

Gap Analysis

This seemed to be done by generating reviews somewhere between the recommended deals and existing procedures as well as farmers/villagers. The particular causes of this gaps were being inquired plus the farmers urged to help propose to her homework and extendable techniques for back filling this sort of gaps. While getting ready the SREP particular attention is actually purchased neighborhood junior and ladies to get career and salary as a result of imparting associated with trainings within a variety of agro-vocations.

III.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SELECTED VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP

Inderkot Village

Inderkot village involving Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil is actually distributed through a space connected with regarding one hundred fifty hectares of land. More as compared with 100 hectares are irrigated and outstanding while un-irrigated and rainfed. Water will be raised from the Jehlum through irrigation canals by way of pump sets. Paddy will be produced under water logged disorders along with mostly solo showing style is followed. Nearly 10 hectares connected with terrain had been documented within orchards.

Inderkot comprises of eleven patis (hamlets), particularly Chana-mohalla, Sadat-mohalla, Gunzri-mohalla, Bana-mohalla, Munz-mohalla, Sonabar plus Murtazabad. The village is definitely getting nine hundred homes which includes a population of 5500 persons, outside which 3000 are guys plus 2500 females. Besides farming, carpeting producing can be one more way to obtain income. Almost every single family can be using a crossbred cow, 2-3 sheep/goat plus 5-6 local poultry birds.

The hamlet will be possessing a single middle school, 1 primary school, 2 EGS, several SSA and three or more Anganwari centers. In addition, not one but two do-it-yourself assistance groups (2 SHGs), that is Karwane - Zainab plus Himayat are active under IGSS with their consentrate on carpet weaving, needle work, pashmina spinning, cow and/ goat parenting along with vegetable growing.

The additional examination from the data revealed your following: -

Income Groups

S.No

Income within Rupees/Month

Level connected with Income Group

No with Households

Percentage of Households

Up that will 6000

Lower

342

38.00

6001-12000

Middle

522

58.00

12001 & Above

High

04.00

Total

900

100.00

Wealth Ranking

S.No

Category

No involving Households

Percent Household

Resource Poor

621

69.00

Resource Rich

279

31.00

Total

900

100

Existing Farming Enterprises

S.No

Enterprises

No. associated with households

Percentage

Agriculture

571

63.4

Horticulture

0.8

Olericulture

1.5

Animal Husbandry

338

37.5

Sheep Husbandry

309

34.2

Poultry Keeping

2.5

Sericulture (Non farm)

1.2

Handloom

435

48.3

Embroidery

144

Others

383

42.5

Existing Farming System

S. No

Existing Farming system

No. of households

Percentage

Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Poultry keeping

310

Animal Husbandry + Sheep/ Goat + Horticulture

217

Sheep/ Goat + Poultry Keeping + Agriculture

301

Handloom + Embroidery

8.0

Total

900

100

Contribution connected with Various Enterprises

S. No

Name associated with Enterprises

No involving Households

% contribution

Agriculture

369

Sheep Husbandry

171

Animal Husbandry

108

Vegetable

Fruits

Poultry Keeping

Sericulture (Non farm)

198

Total

900

100

Gund Ibrahim Village

The whole village is acquiring one place of about 160 ha involving land outside which usually 120 ha tend to be irrigated in addition to remaining because unirrigated or maybe rainded. Paddy as well as maize are usually developed in Kharif as well as Sarson in Rabi using lands. More when compared with 12-15 ha associated with area is employed for orchard as well as vegetable cultivation. The whole village is actually acquiring in relation to 275 homes that has a total people regarding regarding 2500 folks comprising regarding 1500 guys as well as lot of females. The main solutions involving irrigation tend to be boost irrigation from Sukhnal, Trazpora Nallah and therefore are also known as seeing that Trukulbal.

The further more examination from the data reveals while under:

Resources

Income Groups

S.No

Income within Rupees/Month

Level associated with Income Group

No associated with Households

Percentage of Households

Up to be able to 6000

Lower

6001-12000

Middle

215

12001 & Above

High

Total

275

100

Wealth Ranking

S.No

Category

No associated with Households

Percent Household

Resource Poor

154

Resource Rich

121

Total

275

100

Existing Farming Enterprises

S.No

Enterprises

No. involving households

Percentage

Agriculture

160

Horticulture

Olericulture

Animal Husbandry

Sheep Husbandry

Poultry Keeping

Handloom

105

Embroidery

Services

Existing Farming System

S. No

Existing Farming system

No. associated with households

Percentage

Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Vegetable + Poultry keeping

127

Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry +Agriculture + Poultry keeping

Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry

Handloom + Embroidery

Total

275

100

Contribution connected with Various Enterprises

S. No

Name regarding Enterprises

No of Households

% contribution

Agriculture

111

Horticulture

Vegetable

Animal Husbandry

Sheep Husbandry

Poultry Keeping

Sericulture (Non farm)

Handloom (Carpet Making)

Total

275

100

Ganastan Village

Ganastan hamlet involving Sumbal Tehsil is usually made connected with a few Paties (hamlets) namely – Khanpet, Ganastan, Checki, Goonchipora in addition to Rukh mohalla. It will be getting about 420 people together with an overall total people of 3200 persons, away from which in turn 1920 are generally males and also 1280 females. The village is lengthy to a space associated with 400 hectares, outside that 300 hectares usually are irrigated as well as 100 hectares since unirrigated along with rainfed. About 100 hectares associated with land is decide to put under orchard and also vegetables. Paddy plus maize are become throughout Kharief and also wheat, oat plus Sarson grown with Rabi.

The town is definitely supplied with a single every high school, Angan Wari Center, post office, ECGS, SSA, Cooperative society, Unani Dispensary plus sheep center. The numerous routines frequently took while in the commune comprises of raising connected with crops, livestock rearing, sheep and goat parenting along with floor covering generating etc. a pair of do-it-yourself assistance groups namely Usman in addition to Ummar Groups under IGSSS tend to be at this time facilitating throughout Sozni perform and also desired for you to move with regard to agricultural along with worth addition activities.

Income Groups

S.No

Income around Rupees/Month

Level of Income Group

No of Households

Percentage connected with Households

Up that will 6000

Lower

6001-12000

Middle

188

12001 & Above

High

150

Total

420

100

Wealth Ranking

S.No

Category

No with Households

Percent Household

Resource Poor

305

Resource Rich

115

Total

420

100

Existing Farming Enterprises

S.No

Enterprises

No. associated with households

Percentage

Agriculture

294

Horticulture

Olericulture

288

Animal Husbandry

198

Sheep Husbandry

201

Poultry Keeping

150

Sericulture

Handloom

223

Embroidery

Existing Farming System

S. No

Existing Farming system

No. associated with households

Percentage

Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry

154

Sheep/ Goat + Agriculture + Sericulture

130

Agriculture + Animal Husbandry + Sheep / Goat + Poultry Keeping

104

Handloom + Embroidery

Total

420

100

Contribution involving Various Enterprises

S. No

Name with Enterprises

No of Households

% contribution

Agriculture

229

Horticulture

Olericulture

Animal Husbandry

Sheep Husbandry

Poultry Keeping

Sericulture

Handloom

Embroidery

Total

420

100

Tregam Village

Tregam whole village of Tehsil Sonawari contains Paties (helmets) like Odina, Malikpora, Mallapora plus Parraypora multiply over a region involving concerning 15 ha of land, outside which 10 ha will be irrigated and also sleep is usually unirrigated as well as rainfed. The commune can be having practically three hundred and fifty people which has a overall population involving 3261 persons. The male and female society noted is definitely 1655 plus 1605 respectively. The whole village is actually provided with a number of schools, one particular SSA along with a veterinary center. The water is raised with the pump models from Kawasoo appraise and Badi Numble.

The cultivable location is put below paddy, maize, rajmash along with produce in kharief and peas in addition to oats around rabi. Only 4 ha with terrain is definitely within orchards. Livestock populace is made of a couple cattle, and in relation to 2 hundred sheep/goat. Almost each residence is usually having 5-7 regional poultry birds. The commune is usually possessing one chicken farm.

Two home help groupings namely Kirmani along with Gulshan within IGSSS are lively for different earnings bringing in routines such as filling device work, flooring weaving as well as goat/ lambs parenting etc. These groupings are generally good relevant together with a variety of advancement agencies from the area. The even more analysis reveals as under:

Income Groups

S.No

Income around Rupees/Month

Level of Income Group

No connected with Households

Percentage with Households

Up to 6000

Lower

6001-12000

Middle

130

12001 & Above

High

160

Total

350

100

Wealth Ranking

S.No

Category

No of Households

Percent Household

Resource Poor

220

Resource Rich

130

Total

350

100

Existing Farming Enterprises

S.No

Enterprises

No. regarding households

Percentage

Agriculture

220

Horticulture

Olericulture

Animal Husbandry

Sheep Husbandry

Poultry Keeping

215

Sericulture

Handloom

Services

Existing Farming System

S. No

Existing Farming system

No. associated with households

Percentage

Agriculture + Vegetable + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping

195

Sheep/ Goat + Animal Husbandry + Agriculture + Poultry Keeping

Agriculture + Vegetable + Sericulture + Poultry Keeping

Handloom + Embroidery

Total

350

100

Contribution involving Various Enterprises

S. No

Name with Enterprises

No involving Households

% contribution

Agriculture

148

Horticulture

Olericulture

Animal Husbandry

Sheep/ Goat Husbandry

Poultry Keeping

Sericulture

Handloom

Services

Total

350

100

IV. Selected villages of Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil at a Glance (Facts plus figures)

N = 46

Age (Yrs)

upto 20

21-35

36-50

51 & above

Total

No./%age

2 (4.3)

10 (21.7)

27 (58.7)

7 (15.2)

46 (100)

Education

Illiterate

Primary

Middle

Matric

Graduate & above

Total

No./%age

24 (52.2)

5 (10.9)

9 (19.6)

6 (13.0)

2 (4.3)

46 (100)

Family size

upto some customers (small)

5-8 people (medium0

9 & previously mentioned (composite)

No./%age

2 (4.3)

23 (50)

21 (45.7)

46 (100)

Occupation

Farming

Business

Services

More than one

Total

No/%age

18(39.1)

4(8.7)

2(4.3)

22(47.8)

46(100)

Income(Rs)/ Month /head

Upto 6000(Low)

6001-12000(Medium)

12001 & Above(High)

Total

No/%age

22(47.8)

14(30.5)

10(21.7)

46(100)

Land Holding(Size) inside Kanals

Upto 5

5.1-10

10.1-15

15.1 & Above

Landless

Total

No/%age

12(26.1)

14(30.4)

11(23.9)

8(17.4)

1(2.2)

46(100)

Source of Information (Persons)

Family Member

Relative

Neighbour

Friends

Village Head

Total

No/%age

25(54.3)

6(13.0)

3(6.5)

6(13.0)

46(100)

(Officers)

VEW

AEO

HDO

NGO

U.Scientists

None

Total

No/%age

14(30.4)

1(2.2)

9(19.6)

5(10.9)

16(34.8)

46(100)

(Media)

Radio

Radio & TV

Newspapers

All

None

Total

No/%age

7(15.2)

24(52.2)

2(4.3)

5(10.9)

1(2.2)

46(100)

Frequency regarding Visits/ Offices

Weekly

Fortnightly

Monthly

Seasonally

Never

Total

Dev. Department.

1(2.2)

3(6.5)

8(17.4)

31(67.4)

46(100)

ATIC

2(4.3)

4(8.7)

40(87.0)

46(100)

KVK

1(2.2)

45(97.8)

46(100)

Research Stn.

2(4.3)

44(95.7)

46(100)

Univ. HQ

10(21.7)

36(78.3)

46(100)

Adoption with Technology

Paddy Crop

Varieties

Local

Improved

Latest

Not Applicable

Total

No/%age

21(45.7)

13(28.3)

7(15.2)

5(10.9)

46(100)

Seed Rate(Kgs/Kanal)

Upto 3

3.1 – 4

4.1 & Above

Not Applicable

Total

No/%age

5(10.9)

31(67.4)

5(10.9)

46(100)

Plants/Hill

5-8

More when compared with one Problem

Not Applicable

Total

No/%age

1(2.2)

8(17.4)

1(2.2)

3(6.5)

33(71.7)

46(100)

Cattle Rearing Breed

Local

Crossbred

Both(L&C)

None

Total

No/%age

13(28.3)

18(39.1)

2(4.3)

13(28.3)

46(100)

No/Household

None

Upto 2

More than 2

Total

No/%age

13(28.3)

29(63.0)

4(8.7)

46(100)

Milk Yield/H/D (Litres)

Upto 4 (Low)

4.1 – 8.0 (Medium)

8.1 – 15.0 (High)

Nil

Total

No/%age

9(19.6)

17(37.0)

5(10.9)

15(32.6)

46(100)

Cattle Problem

Feeding

Diseases

Vet.Facilities

None

Total

No/%age

3(6.5)

25(54.3)

3(6.5)

15(32.6)

46(100)

Sheep/Goat Rearing Breed

Local/Improved

None

Total

No/%age

11(23.9)

35(76.1)

46(100)

No/Household

None

Upto- 2

3 - 6

More as compared with 6

Total

No/%age

35(76.1)

5(10.9)

2(4.3)

4(8.7)

46(100)

Sheep/Goat Problem

Diseases

None

Total

No/%age

11(23.9)

35(76.1)

46(100)

Poultry Keeping Breed

Local

Improved

None

Total

No/%age

36(78.3)

1(2.2)

9(19.6)

46(100)

Birds/Household

None

Upto-2

3-6

More compared to 6

Total

No/%age

10(21.7)

3(6.5)

11(23.9)

22(47.8)

46(100)

Poultry Problems

Feeding

Housing

Diseases

None

Total

No/%age

1(2.2)

27(58.7)

17(37.0)

46(100)

IV. Gap Analysis in addition to Proposed Extension Training Strategy/ Action Plan with the Representative Villages with Sumbal Sonawari Tehsil

S. No

Enterprise/ Package Item

Existing situation/ problem

Village-wise status on the circumstances / problem

Recommended programme/ measures plan to get Sumbal Sonawari area

Inderkot

Gundibrahim

Ganastan

Tregam

A. Agriculture (Crops)

Paddy cultivation

Growing paddy mostly within waterlogged conditions

Severe waterlogged conditions

Less waterlogged

Mild waterlogged

Severe waterlogged

Introduction associated with Technology pertaining to paddy cultivation with waterlogged location by means of exploration along with demonstration.

More make use of community and also older cultivars associated with paddy (Nikchina, Safed China, Roosi, China 1007 etc.)

More compared to 1 / 3 regarding area within neighborhood and also regular varieties

Half on the spot underneath local in addition to regular varieties

One third of area underneath community along with classic varieties

Three fourth community under regional and also traditional varieties

Replacement with paddy varieties by way of improved upon as well as brand new types just like China 1039, K39, Jehlum plus Shalimar grain 1, by way of FLD programme plus seed whole village development concept

Paddy area normally at risk of water logging anxiety conditions

Due that will faulty along with abnormal water distribution system

Due to help flawed in addition to intermittent water distribution system

Due to faulty in addition to unnatural water submitting system

Due to flawed in addition to abnormal drinking water distribution system

Fair and also simply water distribution needs your health benefits involving mineral water farming know-how plus much more drinking water rising gas stations in addition to canals

Using larger seed charges (more than 60-80 kg /ha)

Two next of the farmers employing higher seed price as compared to recommended

More than a couple of 3 rd farmers using higher seedling rate when compared with recommended

Nearly two third player employing increased seed rate as compared with recommended

Half on the farmers applying larger seed starting quote than recommended

Awareness exercising courses is a good idea to lessen your seed rates through superior baby room management

Transplanting method making use of a lot more plant for every mountain (Above seven seedling per hill)

More as compared to 30 % farmers employing above seven seedlings per hill

Less as compared with 1 / 3rd making use of previously mentioned 8 seedlings for every hill

One lastly making use of previously mentioned eight plant per hill

Two third farmers implementing above 8 seedling per hill

Mortality involving seedlings ought to be diminished making use of improved seed, suitable seedling medication and also means of getting plant life using the dirt ball.

Fertilizer application (Use associated with NPK fertilizers)

Nearly one half from the farmers utilizing each of the three fertilizers relaxation are using both NP of N only

More than a few last utilizing just a few job application i.e. NP and also N only

Nearly a couple of third farmers utilizing Partial practical application i.e. NP or even N only

Half of the farmers utilizing Partial practical application i.e NP or maybe N only

Awareness cum showing with utilization of increased seed along with balanced fertilizers through FLD and OFT programmes

Plant security measures

More when compared with 50 percent from the farmer employing weedicide as well as exclusively personal training per cent employing insecticide/ fungicides

More than 12-15 percent farmers using weedicide only

One fourth on the farmers using weedicide and much more as compared with 8% are using fungicide

None of the actual farmers making use of just about any plant security measure

Conducting involving training programmes associated with weed control, turbo charge operations and paddy grasshoppers.

Yield

Nearly 50 percent of the farmers cropping 2.1 to 3.5 queen /kanal

Less than one half connected with the actual farmers enjoying 2.1 to 3.5 q/kanal

Two next farmers harvesting 2.1 for you to 3.5 q/kanal

Only just one fourth in the farmers growing 2.1 to 3.5 q/ kanal

The brings each kanal is often amplified over the demo connected with logical cultivation of paddy under waters logged problems inside each one village.

Maize

Grown local varieties beneath rainfed ailments when cattle fodder or even combined along with Rajmash

One final associated with that farmers rising maize below rainfed conditions

Two 3 rd on the farmers rising maize under rainfed conditions

Less in comparison with just one last with the farmers growing maize less than rainfed conditions

One fourth on the farmers growing maize under rainfed conditions

High yielding (for grain plus fodder) and very low water requirement types should be popularized by means of demonstrations along with coaching programmes

Methods associated with sowing in addition to seed rate

One fourth in the farmers developing maize underneath rainfed circumstances along with utilizing seed starting quote 1.6 to help a few kg/kanal

Two 3 rd belonging to the farmers expanding maize underneath rainfed disorders as well as utilizing seed quote 1.6 to be able to three or more kg/kanal

Less as compared with one fourth on the farmers growing maize under rainfed problems and also applying seed amount 1.6 that will several kg/kanal

One fourth from the farmers increasing maize below rainfed ailments along with employing seedling charge 1.6 for you to 3 or more kg/kanal

FLD plan with maize cultivation may perhaps be executed within each village. Emphasis be provided with about suggested seed starting rate

Fertilizer application (Use of NPK fertilizers)

None belonging to the farmer implementing almost any fertilizer

None on the player implementing almost any fertilizer

Few farmers (8%) using fertilizers

None in the character using just about any fertilizer

Awareness should be created that will fill out an application encouraged measure with fertilizers through FLDs

Plant defense measures

Although challenge of stem borer and leaf sheath blight claimed but probably none in the plant protection actions taken

Although dilemma connected with stem borer as well as leaf sheath blight announced nevertheless it's unlikely that any from the seed safety measures taken

Although challenge of stem borer plus leaf sheath blight reported but nothing with the place protection steps taken

Although dilemma associated with control borer in addition to leaf sheath blight claimed although probably none from the place security measures taken

Integrated Pest Management on Maize may be introduced.

Yield

Maize is usually grown as fodder nonetheless materials give from 50 kg that will 2 q /kanal can be reported

Maize is mostly grown since fodder even so feed give from 50 kg to 2 q /kanal can be reported

Maize is mostly grown because fodder on the other hand grain provide from 50 kg to 2 q /kanal is usually reported

Maize can be generally become as fodder nonetheless grain yield from 50 kg in order to couple of queen /kanal will be reported

Technology based on farmers encouragement in getting dual perk may perhaps be confirmed around every village

Rabi Crops

Mustard,oats as well as Wheat

Two third from the farmers not using any kind of rabi crop, then again left over one third consuming oats plus wheat for fodder purposes.

Half in the farmers not taking virtually any rabi crop, nevertheless outstanding just one third consuming mustard (Oilseed) and wheat to get fodder purposes.

More as compared to 50 percent of the farmers not necessarily taking any rabi crop, however remaining 30 % taking oats and also wheat for fodder purposes.

Two third in the farmers not really consuming any kind of rabi crop, nonetheless leftover one third taking whole wheat for fodder purposes.

Technology regarding taking 2 bottle cropping can be demonstrated and improved/ brand-new fodder crop/ seed needs to be provided pertaining to cultivation purposes

General popping pattern

Single cropping system (Monoculture) mainly followed

In kharief primarily paddy is grown during rabi the fields are water logged and is still fellow

In kharief mostly paddy is produced whilst in rabi this areas are usually water logged in addition to stays fellow

In kharief mostly paddy is actually harvested when it is in rabi the derricks are water logged and is still fellow

In kharief generally paddy is definitely harvested while in rabi your fields are waters logged and also is always fellow

Technology to take two times cropping may perhaps be exhibited plus improved/ different fodder crop/ seedling should be presented intended for farming purposes

B. Vegetables

Kharief vegetables

Growing almost all different types of vegetables with regard to property consumption solely (Cole, Solanaeceous, Cucurbits and various vegetables).

Two third growing fruit and vegetables with regard to home-based purpose (Kitchen gardening)

Almost just about all growing produce intended for domestic purpose (Kitchen gardening)

Almost just about all expanding greens regarding domestic function (Kitchen gardening)

More as compared to Two third growing fruit and vegetables with regard to every day reason (Kitchen gardening)

Almost the many farmers possess his or her house gardens. So imparting exercising on home lawn for fresh, balanced in addition to normal supply of vegetables for household utilization will likely to be with paramount importance specially for the outlying women

Input supply (seeds, fertilizers etc.)

Just adequate

Inadequate

Just adequate

Adequate

The SHGs inside the particular villages normally takes the challenge with input supply along with facilitate your community

Insect, pest and ailment problems (Cut worms, borers, aphids, wilt plus blight etc.)

Nearly 1 / 2 from the farmers/ growers going through insect, pest in addition to illness problem

Half from the farmers /growers struggling with insect, pest and also sickness problem

More than some last with the farmers /growers confronting insect, pest and also illness problem

Nearly many of the farmers /growers struggling with insect, pest in addition to ailment problem

Vegetable, infections along with diseases (like cut worms, borers along with wilt along with blight in chillies, capsicum, tomato and brinjal) are posing a serious threat as well as envisages conduction of IPM education workshops / course regarding neighborhood ladies along with youth. Seed in addition to seedling healing may perhaps be popularized.

Latest polyhouse technology, seed starting production, away season, post-harvest veggie generation systems for business purposes.

Unknown into the farmers however primarily considering training

Unknown for the farmers but generally serious in training

Unknown on the farmers although generally serious about training

Unknown on the farmers nevertheless generally keen on training

Training programme associated to fruit flesh occur cucurbits by way of pollination means of adult females and park youth. Training linked to commercialization as well as veggie seed generation for farm youth in addition to women. Training on submit pick management of plantation women of all ages along with youngsters through SHGs would cause in order to adult females empowerment

Rabi vegetables

Growing leafy, underlying vegetables, peas etc. on confined size thanks to be able to drainage system

More when compared with 1 / 2 of the farmers growing rabi vegetables and fruits inside their kitchen area gardens

Nearly not one but two lastly with the farmers rising rabi fruit and vegetables for their cooking area gardens

All your farmers developing rabi greens in their home gardens

More when compared with two finally from the farmers developing rabi vegetables in their house gardens

Awareness cum instruction workshops on scientific cultivation involving rabi fruit and vegetables inside the spot with regard to women folk particularly is with great importance

Inputs and also most current complex know-how

More when compared with just one third with the farmers experience problem with inputs in addition to techie know-how

Less in comparison with one particular fourth in the farmers skin dilemma of inputs and also technical know-how

One last from the farmers encounter challenge of inputs along with specialised know-how

More compared to 1 / 2 from the farmers experience difficulty involving inputs as well as specialised know-how

Vegetables together with higher waters requirement (water loving vegetables) become popularized. Training workshops regarding seed production and also post-harvest technology really should be introduced

C. Horticulture

Fruit Growing (Apple, Pear, Walnut etc.)

Fruit expanding can be confined that will larger elevations, karewa lands plus recently earth stuffed lands. Mostly orchards are usually inadequately managed as well as going through challenges associated with pest pest conditions (Root rot, scruff of the neck rot, scab, alterneria etc.), pollination, fresh fruit set, berry drop, bogus pruning etc. In apple company company plus pear orchards. Insect, pest and illness difficulty within walnut (walnut weevil, come borer etc.

More compared to 30 % expanding apple company only

One third raising apple company company plus walnut equally

One fourth growing just about all types of temperate fruits

More than one particular third growing many forms connected with fruits

Since berries raising is not really common, nevertheless apple pear in addition to walnut flowers in some on the orchard were poorly been able in absence connected with suitable technical know-how. To improve the horticulture in the area, serious teaching ought around orchard layout, management, IPM, pruning and training, place propagation solutions etc. for the village youth to build skill inside berry way of life plus generate employment.

D. Livestock

Cattle (cow in addition to draught animals)

Lack with know-how in addition to veterinary conveniences on the topic of breed advancement as well as milk yield

Three fourth regarding your farmers rearing cattle yielding generally some liters of milk daily each head. Nearly half cattle population cross bred

Three fourth from the farmers parenting cattle yielding mostly several liters involving dairy on a daily basis each head. One final cattle society cross bred

More compared to Three fourth on the farmers parenting livestock yielding mostly 4 liters associated with milk everyday each head. Half cattle people cross bred

More in comparison with 1 / 3rd with the farmers rearing cattle yielding mainly 4 that will 8-10 liters of milk on a daily basis per head. One fourth cattle population cross bred

Cattle rearing in the spot will be popular in addition to nearly three fourth loved ones trying to keep several cows yielding exploit even approximately 15 liters now and again per day. Training procedure about commodity growth (Breed Improvement) through synchronization and also AI programmes.

Dosing and vaccination, cattle ailments for instance FMD, Mastitis, ecto as well as endo parasites, Rinderpest etc.

More compared to 50 percent farmers noted cattle diseases as primary problem

Less compared to one particular fourth farmers reported cattle illnesses as most important problem

Nearly one third farmers announced cattle illnesses because main problem

Negligible proportion involving farmers announced cattle conditions since major problem

Training program upon treatment / vaccination in addition to dosing versus diseases like FMD, Mastitis plus endo ecto parasites (Worms, ticks as well as mites) etc.

Feeding connected with cattle

One 3 rd connected with farmers documented fodder/ supply shortages pertaining to cattle

None with farmers reported fodder/ feed shortages intended for cattle

Nearly two finally connected with farmers reported fodder/ feed shortages intended for cattle

None connected with farmers claimed fodder/ nourish shortages regarding cattle

Training plan on preparation along with utilization of well-balanced cattle rations. Introduction plus growing associated with brand new fodders in the actual area

Willing of progression a new dairy products professional unit

None in the player find out about the actual commercial unit

None belonging to the farmer be informed on the financial unit

None of the player be familiar with that industrial unit

None from the farmer be informed on the actual business unit

After creep production, livestock rearing are generally a major hobby of the place along with must be arranged through development connected with dairy devices along with cooperatives for group and also submitter associated with milk.

Sheep/ goat rearing

Good variety of neighborhood goats and combination particular breed of dog sheep needs certain breed improvement

One fifth farmers rearing goat / lambs around 6 Nos and up per head

Half involving the particular farmers parenting goat / sheep about 6 Nos or maybe more per head

Less when compared with one fifth farmers rearing goat / sheep about 6 Nos and up per head

Less as compared to one 1 / 2 farmers rearing goat / sheep as long as some Nos or over per head

Nearly one particular next of the particular farmers rearing goat/ sheep from the area as long as five Nos. or higher per household. Thus offering the particular sheep / goat showing exercise seeing that a workable product for unemployed / town young ones could be popularized.

Dosing and vaccination

The diseases like FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo along with ecto parasites reported.

The disorders including FMD, Mangitits, foot rot, endo as well as ecto parasites reported.

The disorders including FMD, Mangitits, feet rot, endo along with ecto parasites reported.

The health conditions like FMD, Mangitits, ft . rot, endo as well as ecto parasites reported.

Sheep/ goat proper care products from the communities be established. Training system upon treatment/ vaccination in addition to dosing against the conditions commonplace with the particular area

Development connected with sheep plus goat unit

None on the farmer find out about the actual commercial unit

None from the player be aware of that industrial unit

None involving the actual farmer be aware of your professional unit

None in the player be informed on your financial unit

Promoting the particular sheep plus goat showing pastime upon Establishment associated with sheep / goat system regarding work along with income generation regarding rural young ones and women.

Poultry keeping

Keeping involving only handful of local gulls each family to get home purposes

Three final with the farmers maintaining three or more in order to half a dozen neighborhood creatures per household

Less compared to three last in the farmers maintaining a few to 6 area chickens per household

More compared to three fourth with the farmers keeping three to be able to a few area birds per household

More as compared to three fourth of the farmers maintaining 3 or more in order to 6 nearby birds per household

Introduction with backyard poultry having improved upon / brand-new particular breed of dog (Vonraja) pertaining to commercial needs through women SHGs in the spot could often be encouraged.

More chook mortality on account of chicken ailments (Cocidiosis, Ranikhet etc.)

One 1 / 2 farmers going through condition challenge in chicken keeping

One 50 % farmers confronting disorder dilemma around poultry keeping

One 50 % farmers facing sickness dilemma inside poultry keeping

All your farmers experiencing disease problem throughout chicken keeping

Organization connected with training programmes upon medical poultry maintaining along with control associated with conditions including Ranikhet, Cocidiosis etc.

E. Allied activities

Handicrafts

Prominent in handicraft routines